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Hence he was regarded as being free from error and sin (infallible), and appointed by God by divine decree ( nass) to be the first Imam. Shias regard Ali as the successor of Muhammad not only ruling over the community in justice, but also interpreting Islamic practices and its esoteric meaning. They thus act without fault in religious matters. Their knowledge encompasses the totality of all times. They are in possession of all knowledge brought by the angels to the prophets ( nabi) and the messengers ( rasul). They also have a complete knowledge of God's will. It does not mean that supernatural powers prevent them from committing a sin, but due to the fact that they have absolute belief in God, they refrain from doing anything that is a sin. Thus, they are the most pure ones, the only immaculate ones preserved from, and immune to, all uncleanness. The state of infallibility is based on the Shia interpretation of the verse of purification. They argue that since God has commanded absolute obedience from these figures they must only order that which is right. Īccording to Shia theologians, infallibility is considered a rational necessary precondition for spiritual and religious guidance. Though initially beginning as a political movement, infallibility and sinlessness of the imams later evolved as a distinct belief of (non-Zaidi) Shiism. Twelver and Ismaili Shia Muslims also attribute the quality to Imams as well as to Fatimah, daughter of Muhammad, in contrast to the Zaidi, who do not attribute 'ismah to the Imams. Muslims believe that Muhammad and other prophets in Islam possessed ismah. Ismah is the concept of infallibility or "divinely bestowed freedom from error and sin" in Islam. (34)" Beliefs and practices TheologyĪli is credited as the first male to convert to Islam. Shia scholars emphasize that the notion of authority is linked to the family of the prophets as the verses 3:33,34 show: "Indeed, God chose Adam and Noah and the family of Abraham and the family of 'Imran over the worlds – (33) Descendants, some of them from others. For the Shia, this conviction is implicit in the Quran and the history of Islam. Al-Shahrastani expresses that the term Shia refers to those who believe that Ali is designated as the Heir, Imam and caliph by Muhammad and that Ali's authority is maintained through his descendants. Nawbakhti states that the term Shia refers to a group of Muslims who at the time of Muhammad and after him regarded Ali as the Imam and Caliph. At present, the word refers to the Muslims who believe that the leadership of the community after Muhammad belongs to Ali and his successors. The term was first used during Muhammad's life. Shiʻa, Shia, Shiʻism/Shiʻite or Shiism/Shiite are the forms used in English, for adherents, mosques, and things associated with the religion.
Shia Islam is based on a hadith concerning Muhammad's pronouncement at Ghadir Khumm. Adherents of Shia Islam are called Shia Muslims, Shi'ites, or simply Shia or Shi'a. This view primarily contrasts with that of Sunni Islam, whose adherents believe that Muhammad did not appoint a successor before his death and consider Abu Bakr, who was appointed caliph by a group of senior Muslims at Saqifah, to be the first rightful caliph after Muhammad. It holds that the Islamic prophet Muhammad designated Ali ibn Abi Talib as his successor and the Imam (spiritual and political leader) after him, most notably at the event of Ghadir Khumm, but was prevented from succeeding Muhammad as the leader of the Muslims as a result of the choice made by some of Muhammad's other companions at Saqifah. Shia Islam or Shi'ism is the second-largest branch of Islam.